Corresponding estimates of spore mass, based on density measurements between 1.0 × 10 3 and 1.3 × 10 3 kg m − 3, range from 1 pg to 2 μg. Spores vary greatly in size, from 3 μm-long basidiospores of certain bracket fungi, to the ‘giant’ spores of lichenized Ascomycota that measure up to 300 × 100 μm. Money, in The Fungi (Third Edition), 2016 Spore Size and Shape
The authors hypothesize that ozone treatment causes damage to key proteins in the spore’s inner membrane, although more research needs to be done to determine what these proteins are. Since heat treatment and NaCl treatment are not lethal to spores under normal conditions, these findings further confirm that ozone causes damage to the spore’s inner membrane, making the spores more sensitive to these treatments. Spores treated with ozone were also more sensitive to NaCl in plating media than untreated spores. 36 More interestingly, the authors found that spore survivors of ozone treatment exhibited increased sensitivity to inactivation by a normally minimal heat treatment. Damage to the spore’s inner membrane via oxidization can have several effects, including inability to germinate, spore death after germination, and spore lysis. Since the inner membrane of the spore is known to be a barrier to methylamine, this study demonstrated that the inner membrane was damaged by its inability to prevent methylamine from leaking through the barrier into the spore. subtilis were more easily penetrated by methylamine and germinated faster with dodecylamine. 36 confirmed that ozone causes damage to the spore’s inner membrane because ozone-treated spores of B. 35 The authors concluded that spores are not inactivated with ozone by DNA damage and that the major resistance factor of spores to ozone is the spore coat. subtilis were more easily inactivated when they were uncoated prior to ozone treatment (2) the spores did not germinate with nutrient germinants or Ca-DPA after ozone treatment and (3) germination of the spores with ozone did not cause release of DPA from the spore’s inner core. Young and Setlow 35 found that (1) when treated with ozone, spores of B. 33,34 Studies involving the inactivation of spores by oxidizing agents suggest that inactivation is a result of oxidative damage to the spore’s inner membrane. Aqueous ozone has a higher potential than most oxidizing agents to inactivate spores. Spores have been shown to be inactivated by several oxidizing agents, including chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, ozone, and sodium hypochlorite. Hoover, in The Diverse Faces of Bacillus cereus, 2016 Ozone
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